Cystitis in medical practice is called an inflammatory process that develops in the bladder.It is common that cystitis is exclusively female diseases.But this is not true.Even the strongest sex representatives are subject to the disease.On how the symptoms of cystitis are manifested in men and how to deal with them correctly and will be discussed in this article.
Anatomical information
The bladder is one of the main organs of the urinary system, designed to collect and collect urine.In the last process, an important role is played by the walls of the organ that have a muscle base and, thanks to this, they are able to lengthen.However, the mucous membrane of the bladder is often wounded or exposed to infectious agents.This leads to various diseases.The lower part of the bladder is called neck.The urethra (urethra) comes out of the neck.Two ureters flow in the upper part - channels through which the urine comes from the kidneys.
Signs of cystitis in men
Acute cystitis makes itself felt, first of all, with acute pain during urination, sometimes radiant in the rectum.In particular, a lot of pain manifests itself at the beginning and end of urination.In addition, cystitis symptoms include pain in the lower abdomen, on pubis, regardless of urination, but with this process they intensify.The amount of urine emitted can be extremely small (10-15 ml), however the number of pulses to urination can reach several times in an hour.After the law of urination, there is the feeling that the bladder is not completely empty.In addition, with cystitis, there are often signs such as urinary incontinence, imperative urination.The exacerbation of the disease is often accompanied by an increase in temperature, signs of body intoxication (malaise, headache).
Other symptoms of cystitis:
- Change of color of the urine,
- blood, mucus, pus or proteins in the urine,
- The unpleasant smell of the urine.
Often, with the disease, reflux urine occurs.This is the name of the process in which urine enters the ureters, and then to the kidneys, which leads to the disease with pyelonefrite.In the absence of treatment, acute cystitis turns into a chronic form.Chronic cystitis is characterized, in turn, the exacerbations (about 2-3 times a year) which replace the periods of remission.During remission, the symptoms of the disease practically do not appear.Interstitial cystitis is a serious form of chronic cystitis.With this variety of disease, the exacerbation occurs extremely often and the patient has constant pain in the groin.
Diagnostics
In the presence of signs, with a high degree of probability that indicates cystitis, it is necessary to contact a urologist.During the initial exam, the doctor usually examines the patient's genitals and examines the prostate gland with palpation in the anus.This allows to establish or exclude the connection of cystitis in men with other diseases of the male genital organs.The diagnosis is mainly carried out by the general analysis of the urine.Cystitis can be determined due to the high content of leukocytes.Sometimes a distinctive feature can be the presence of red blood cells, bacteria, epithelial cells and protozoa.Also made:
- General and biochemical blood test,
- Analysis of the Urine of Neciporenko,
- Sow the urine to identify an infectious agent.
A study is conducted for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) if there is the suspicion of a sexual transmission infection.The uzi of the bladder is ineffective, as it requires the filleted bladder and with a certain disease, the patient cannot be filled.However, the ultrasounds of the kidneys and prostate can be useful, since they help identify concomitant diseases.Procedures such as cystoscopy, urodynamic study, uroflowography (study of high -speed urine parameters through urethra), magnetic resonance imaging are performed.Cystoscopy is a type of endoscopic examination.It helps to identify stones and neoplasms in the bladder, as well as taking a biopathic for analysis.Cystitis must be differentiated by diseases such as bladder tumors and prostate gland.
Cystitis: what it is for men
Cystitis is an inflammatory disease, which consists in irritation and damage to the walls of the bladder.In reality, cystitis is more likely to be more likely to suffer.About 2-3 out of 10 fair sex representatives at least once in a life suffer from this disease.For male representatives, only 1% have a cystitis in any form.In most cases, these are men over the age of 45.The difference in the frequency of diseases between the sexes is explained by the physiological differences in the structure of their parenting organs.First of all, men have a very long and winding urethra.But the walls of the urethra are an extremely difficult obstacle to pathogenic microorganisms, since immune cells are active in them.In addition, in the male body, the hole of the urethra is very far from the anus, so it is practically excluded to enter the channel of the pathogenic microflora from the anus.
However, the infection can enter the bladder not only from the outside through the urethra.In some cases, cystitis in men is a consequence of kidney disease or prostate.In general, cystitis does not always have an infectious nature.However, if we are talking about infectious cystitis, very often it is the bacterial cystitis, less often - fungal.Even less often cystitis is caused by multicellular parasites.Very often, the infectious cystitis occurs due to the action of E. coli (80%).The causal agents of the disease can also be:
- Pseudomonal stick,
- Staphylococcus,
- Proteus,
- Gonococcus,
- Chlamydia,
- Trichomonades,
- Micoplasma.
Cystitis can be a complication of tuberculosis
The infectious cystitis caused by Trichomonas, Chlamydia, Micoplasma, Gonococci, Koch Sticks, is called specific.And non -specific cystitis is a disease caused by conditionally pathogenic bacteria that constantly amplify in the body.The rare varieties of cystitis are those caused by purple, actinomicosis and schistosomosis.The path that pathogenic microorganisms fall into the bladder can be different.Depending on it, cystitis is divided into descent, increasing, lymphogen and hematogenic.The upper option of the infection (from the urethra) in male patients is quite rare.Cystitis in men is often downwards (in the case of kidney infection), as well as hematogenic and lymphogenic.There are also cystitis of a non -infectious nature.Can be caused:
- diagnostic operations or procedures on the bladder;
- Body radiation effect, for example, with radiotherapy of the prostate gland;
- bladder injuries by foreign bodies, for example stones;
- Chemicals that are excreted in the urine and cause irritation of the mucous membrane of the bubble.
In addition, cytitis are divided into primary and secondary.In the first case, the disease begins alone, directly in the bladder.In the second cystitis it is caused by some other pathological processes in the body.The secondary cystitis, in turn, is divided into cystitis of intrapus and extraordinary origin.For example, the stones in the bladder and neoplasms of this organ are intracular causes and the diseases of other organs (prostate adenoma, pyelonefrite) are extracurricular.If the inflammation area is the urinary triangle, this cystitis is called Trigonite.In addition, depending on the position of the inflammation, the cervical and widespread cystitis are secreted.With cervical cystitis, only inflammation of the bladder neck is observed.The widespread form of the disease occurs in inflammation of the entire wall of the organ.Depending on what the wall of the bubble is hit, the following forms of cystitis are distinguished:
- catarar,
- hemorrhagic,
- cystic,
- ulcer,
- phlegmoso,
- gangrenous.
The lightest form, which only affects the superficial layers of the walls, is catarrale.In case of cancerous form, the pathological process leads to the necrotic of the walls.To determine the degree of disease, cystoscopy is used with the subsequent biopsy.Factors that contribute to the appearance of cystitis in men:
- hypothermia of the body;
- reduction of immunity;
- stress;
- Conscious delayed urine, rare bladder emptying;
- Renal diseases, prostate;
- non -compliance with personal hygiene rules;
- Diseases accompanied by the occurrence of outbreaks of infection (tonsillitis, sinusitis, furunculosis, dental diseases, etc.);
- spine injuries;
- diabetes mellitus;
- Alcohol abuse.
The complications of the cystitis can be pathistic (inflammation of the tissues surrounding the bladder), pyelonefritis, sclerosis of the walls of the bladder, perforation of the walls of the bubble, inflammation of the kidneys (due to the reflux of the reflux of the bubbles).
Cystitis treatment
The treatment is normally carried out at home.A direction is possible for an acute cystitis hospital if a hemorrhagic or cancerous form of the disease develops or an acute urinary retention is observed.Cystitis treatment methods are mainly drugs.Although other techniques can be used, for example physiotherapy (UHF, electrophoresis, ultrasound, magnetic therapy and laser, dirt), the rinsing of the bladder with antimicrobial effects.If the disease is accompanied by high temperature, the patient needs bed rest.The heat attack in the groin area is shown (with the exception of hemorrhagic cystitis and tuberculosis).
An important element of the treatment is a diet.The patient is contraindicated in salty, fat, fried food, acute and acid, alcohol.On the other hand, it is necessary to consume more diuretic.Many vegetables and fruits have such properties: watermelon, melon, cherries, cucumbers.Apple drinks, blueberries and lingonberry are also recommended: the anti -adesive properties of the mucous membrane of the bladder increase, that is, they make it difficult to attack the bacteria on the walls of the bubble.Phyocha and Lingonberries have undoubtedly benefits.It is important not to forget an abundant drink: the patient should drink at least 2 liters of pure water a day.During the exacerbation of cystitis, it is recommended to abandon smoking.Surgical treatment is used in case of cancerous cystitis, chronic cystitis caused by prostate adenoma.
Medicine for the treatment of male cystitis
Popy therapy can be ethitropic or symptomatic.Etatropic therapy aims to counter pathogenic organisms - pathogens of the disease.The purpose of symptomatic treatment is to relieve unpleasant symptoms: pain and spasm.If the cause of the disease is a bacterial infection, an antibiotic intake course is needed.More often used drugs of the Fluorochinolone group. The duration of admission is usually a week.Before choosing an antibiotic therapy scheme, it is necessary to conduct a study on the type of pathogen and its antibiotic resistance.Even preparations with anti -inflammatory and vegetable antibacterial components, grass grass, a decoction of equity and the grass of San Giovanni are often used.Another class of drugs used for the disease are antispasmodic that help relieve spasms and caused by pain.To reduce the symptoms of pain and inflammation, fans are also used.With serious pains, Novocaine blocks are used.It is also recommended to take vitamins - to increase the resistance of the body of infection.
Prevention
The fact that men suffer relatively rarely of cystitis does not mean that representatives of strong half of humanity should not be kept in the mind of the occurrence of this disease, not only very unpleasant and significantly reducing the quality of life, but also potentially fatal in the absence of adequate therapy (from the ganrrene cystitis, for example, Emperor Peter I).However, the preventive measures are simple: you should monitor personal hygiene, the level of immunity, avoid hypothermia, regularly go to the bathroom, avoid urinary stagnation, treat infectious diseases over time that can create outbreaks of infection: sinusitis, pulpites and tonsillitis, regularly visit urologists and andrometrics.